Aku ada tugas ni disekolah , ngebahas tentang subjunctive , berikut penjelesannya SUBJUNCTIVES :
A. PENGERTIAN :
Subjunctives adalah suatu bentuk pengharapan (mirip dengan conditional sentences ) yang mempunyai arti yang berlawanan dengan kenyataan.
Catatan :
1. Situasi / arti / fakta Positif maka subjunctives negatif. Situasi / arti / fakta negatif maka subjunctives positif.
2. Subjunctives tidak ada was walaupun subjectnya he/she/it. Maka diganti dengan were.
B. JENIS – JENIS SUBJECTIVE
1. Subjective after “Wish”
a. Future Subjective
Subject – 1 + wish + Subject 2 + would + V1 + Keterangan waktu future
Could (tonight, tomorrow, next … )
Contoh :
- I wish you would go there tomorrow
Saya berharap kamu dapat pergi kesana besok, (Kenyataan sebenarnya kamu tidak akan pergi kesana/you won’t go there).
b. Present Subjective
Subject 1 + Wish + Subject 2 + Past Tense
Contoh :
- I wish he were here.
Saya berharap dia ada disini, (Kenyataannya dia tidak ada disini/He isn’t here)
- I wish I knew the answer
Seandainya saya tahu jawabannya. (Kenyataannya saya tidak tahu jawabannya/ I don’t know the answer).
Atau kadang-kadang menggunakan pola kalimat yang ada keterangan waktunya :
Subject 1 + wish + subject 2 + Past Tense + Keterangan Waktu
Contoh :
I wish they were here now
Seandainya mereka ada disini.
c. Past Subjective
Subject 1 + wished + subject 2 + Past Perfect
Contoh :
- I wished I had gone abroad.
Seandainya (lampau) saya pergi keluar negeri. (Kenyataannya “I didn’t go abroad”)
- I wished she had been here
Seandainya dia ada disini. (Kenyataannya “She wasn’t here”)
Atau dapat juga menggunakan pola kalimat
Subject 1 + wish + subject 2 + Past perfect Tense + Keterangan Waktu Past Tense
(Last ……, …. Ago , yesterday)
Contoh :
- We wish he had written a letter to us last week.
Kami berharap dia telah menulis surat kepada kami minggu yang lalu (Kenyataannya “He didn’t write a letter to us”)
2. Subjunctive after “If only”
a. Subjunctive Present …… if only + Subject + Past Tense
Contoh :
- If only I were rich.
Seandainya saya kaya (Kenyataannya saya tidak kaya/I’m not rich).
- If only I loved him deeply
Seandainya saya mencintainya sungguh-sungguh. (Kenyataannya I don’t love him deeply)
b. Subjunctive Past Tense
If only + Subject + Past Participle (Verb3)
Contoh :
- If only he had been very kind.
Seandainya dia baik (lampau). (Kenyataannya “he wasn’t kind”)
3. Subjunctive after “would rather”
a. Present Subjunctive
Subject + Would rather + Subject 2 +Past Tense + Keterangan waktu Present
Contoh :
- I would rather you thought it carefully now.
You don’t think it carefully
- I would rather I stayed with my parents.
I don’t stay with my parents.
b. Past Subjunctive
Subject 1 + Would rather + Subject 2 +Past Perpect + Keterangan waktu lampau
(yesterday, last ……. Ago)
Contoh :
- I would rather she had gone to my party.
She didn’t go to my party
- I would rather they had chosen him as a chairman.
They didn’t choose him as a chairman.
4. Subjunctive after as if/as though
Biasanya menggunakan kata kerja pengantar :
act = bertindak
behave = berlaku/bersikap
talk = berkata
look = kelihatan
dll
Rumus :
a. Present Subjunctive
Subject 1 + Verb 1 (present) + as if + Subject 2 + Verb 2
As though
Contoh :
- She acts as if she were beautiful
Dia bersikap/berlaku seperti seorang gadis yang cantik. (Kenyataannya “She isn’t beautiful”).
- She talks as though she knew everything.
Dia berkata seperti dia tahu segalanya. (Kenyataannya “She doesn’t know anything”)
b. Past Subjunctive
Subject 1 + Verb 2 (Past) + as if + Subject 2 + had Verb 3
As though
Contoh :
- He acted as if he had owned the place
Dia bersikap seolah-olah dia pemilik tempat itu. (Kenyataannya “he didn’t own the place”)
- We pretended as though we had lived in this place for a long time.
Kamu berpura-pura telah lama tinggal disini. (Kenyataannya “we didn’t live in this place for a long time”)
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